Thursday 31 May 2012

Detroit chamber campaign to promote development

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Tiny genetic variations led to big changes in the evolving human brain

ScienceDaily (May 30, 2012) ? Changes to just three genetic letters among billions contributed to the evolution and development of the mammalian motor sensory circuits and laid the groundwork for the defining characteristics of the human brain, Yale University researchers report.

In a study published in the May 31 issue of the journal Nature, Yale researchers found that a small, simple change in the mammalian genome was critical to the evolution of the corticospinal neural circuits. This circuitry directly connects the cerebral cortex, the conscious part of the human brain, with the brainstem and the spinal cord to make possible the fine, skilled movements necessary for functions such as tool use and speech. The evolutionary mechanisms that drive the formation of the corticospinal circuit, which is a mammalian-specific advance, had remained largely mysterious.

"What we found is a small genetic element that is part of the gene regulatory network directing neurons in the cerebral cortex to form the motor sensory circuits," said Nenad Sestan, professor of neurobiology, researcher for the Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, and senior author of the paper.

Most mammalian genomes contain approximately 22,000 protein-encoding genes. The critical drivers of evolution and development, however, are thought to reside in the non-coding portions of the genome that regulate when and where genes are active. These so-called cis-regulatory elements control the activation of genes that carry out the formation of basic body plans in all organisms.

Sungbo Shim, the first author, and other members of Sestan's lab identified one such regulatory DNA region they named E4, which specifically drives the development of the corticospinal system by controlling the dynamic activity of a gene called Fezf2 -- which, in turn, directs the formation of the corticospinal circuits. E4 is conserved in all mammals but divergent in other craniates, suggesting that it is important to both the emergence and survival of mammalian species. The species differences within E4 are tiny, but crucially drive the regulation of E4 activity by a group of regulatory proteins, or transcription factors, that include SOX4, SOX11, and SOX5. In cooperation, they control the dynamic activation and repression of E4 to shape the development of the corticospinal circuits in the developing embryo.

Other Yale-affiliated authors of the paper are Kenneth Y. Kwan and Mingfeng Li.

Primary funding for the research came from the National Institutes of Health and March of Dimes.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Yale University. The original article was written by Bill Hathaway.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Sungbo Shim, Kenneth Y. Kwan, Mingfeng Li, Veronique Lefebvre, Nenad ?estan. Cis-regulatory control of corticospinal system development and evolution. Nature, 2012; DOI: 10.1038/nature11094

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

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Tuesday 29 May 2012

James scores 32 as Heat run past Celtics in Game 1

Miami Heat's LeBron James (6) drives to the basket against Boston Celtics' Paul Pierce (34) during the first half of Game 1 in their NBA basketball Eastern Conference finals playoffs series, Monday, May, 28, 2012, in Miami. (AP Photo/Lynne Sladky)

Miami Heat's LeBron James (6) drives to the basket against Boston Celtics' Paul Pierce (34) during the first half of Game 1 in their NBA basketball Eastern Conference finals playoffs series, Monday, May, 28, 2012, in Miami. (AP Photo/Lynne Sladky)

Miami Heat's LeBron James (6) shoots over Boston Celtics' Paul Pierce (34) during the first half of Game 1 in their NBA basketball Eastern Conference finals playoffs series, Monday, May, 28, 2012, in Miami. (AP Photo/Lynne Sladky)

Miami Heat's Dwyane Wade (3) and Lebron James, right, defend Boston Celtics' Paul Pierce (34) during the second half of Game 1 in their NBA basketball Eastern Conference finals playoffs series, Monday, May, 28, 2012, in Miami. The Heat won 93-79. (AP Photo/Lynne Sladky)

Miami Heat's Shane Battier reacts after scoring a three point basket during the second half of Game 1 in their NBA basketball Eastern Conference finals playoffs series against the Boston Celtics, Monday May, 28, 2012, in Miami. (AP Photo/Lynne Sladky)

Miami Heat's Ronny Turiaf (21) blocks a shot by Boston Celtics' Brandon Bass (30) during the second half of Game 1 in their NBA basketball Eastern Conference finals playoffs series, Monday May, 28, 2012, in Miami. (AP Photo/Lynne Sladky)

(AP) ? Dwyane Wade grabbed a rebound, turned and fired a 90-foot pass to LeBron James to set up one of the easiest scores the Miami Heat had all night.

Yes, James and Wade are clicking ? at the perfect time.

James scored 32 points and grabbed 13 rebounds, Wade scored 10 of his 22 points in the fourth quarter and the Heat beat the Boston Celtics 93-79 on Monday night in Game 1 of the Eastern Conference finals. The stars were stars, and the role players more than did their parts as well, with the Heat enjoying a 48-33 edge in rebounds, blocking 11 shots and never trailing.

"One down. And they still have an opportunity in Game 2 to accomplish what they want to," Heat coach Erik Spoelstra said, referring to how Boston can still grab home-court advantage by winning Game 2. "At times it was a strange game. Some good runs, both teams. We felt we could have played better and I'm sure they felt the same thing."

Shane Battier had 10 points and 10 rebounds for the Heat, who wasted an early 11-point first-half lead, then gave up 35 second-quarter points before running away to break a halftime tie ? getting going with a 9-2 run early in the third, that Wade-to-James touchdown pass part of the flurry.

"We didn't play our best game," James said. "And we want to just try to continue to get better throughout the series."

Kevin Garnett had 23 points and 10 rebounds for Boston, which got 16 points, nine rebounds and seven assists from Rajon Rondo and 12 points from Paul Pierce. Ray Allen shot just 1 for 7 from the floor for Boston, which was outscored by 10 in the first quarter and 11 in the third.

"On the road, you can't have two quarters of lulls," Celtics coach Doc Rivers said.

Game 2 is Wednesday night in Miami.

And while both sides would say there's a long way to go in this series, Game 1 winners have a decided edge in any best-of-seven series, the conference final being no exception. In the 10 most recent postseasons, teams with 1-0 leads in conference finals have advanced 15 out of 20 times.

"They're home, they're comfortable and when you're comfortable you do things like that," Garnett said, suggesting Miami was showboating at times down the stretch. "We have to show them to take them out of their comfort zone. We've got to fight a lot harder."

James had 13 points in the first quarter ? two more than the entire Celtics roster ? and Miami ran out to a 21-11 lead. Garnett made three of his four shots in the quarter, while everyone else in Boston green was 2 for 16 from the floor.

"I thought they were ready to play," Rivers said. "I'm talking about Miami. I thought we kind of joined the game."

Boston scored 35 in the second quarter, erasing what was an 11-point deficit early in the period by scoring 27 points in the final 8:46 of the half to pull into a 46-all tie. Rondo, Garnett and Pierce combined to score 23 points in the quarter, looking absolutely vintage, near-perfect offensive execution getting to Miami time and time again.

And the Celtics' comeback happened even while they got hit with three technical fouls in the second quarter, plus Ray Allen missing four first-half free throws ? matching his career-worst for an entire game.

"We may never see that again," Rivers said.

In the end, it went down as merely a one-quarter lapse for Miami.

Another technical foul, this one on Rondo, came in the third quarter, likely born from frustration as the Heat started to roll again.

With the game tied at 50, Rondo missed three shots in a 31-second span early in the third, the last of those getting blocked by Battier ? who hit a 3-pointer 11 seconds later. That's when Miami got going, and by the end of the third, the Heat lead was 72-61.

"I think we believe we can beat them," Pierce said. "It's all about making adjustments. LeBron and Wade are great players. We've got to do a better job of slowing them down. As a group we believe we can win this series."

Rondo echoed Pierce's thoughts.

"We kept fighting," Rondo said. "It wasn't pretty. We missed four or five layups, a bunch of free throws. That being said, we were tied at halftime but we just didn't come out with the right mindset in the second half."

Miami did and takes a 1-0 lead into Game 2 as its reward. But James said he knows Boston is far from done.

"I look at them as a top opponent, as a top contender and a competitive group ... a championship-caliber team," James said.

NOTES: Spoelstra is now 6-0 in Game 1s at home. ... James passed Sam Jones (2,909) for 22nd on the NBA's playoff scoring list with a layup late in the first quarter, and Garnett passed Dirk Nowitzki (1,314) for 22nd on the league's postseason rebound list. ... The Heat left the floor at halftime with a 48-46 lead, then had two points by Joel Anthony taken off after a lengthy review showed he had a basket after the shot clock expired. ... Miami F Chris Bosh did a light pregame workout, but still remains out indefinitely with a lower abdominal strain. He was on the Heat bench for the first time in Miami's last six games.

Associated Press

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William Quincy Belle: Health: Life comes to a dead halt

How do you spell hell on Earth? P-a-i-n. What's a two word expression for pain? Pinched nerve. On Saturday, April 7, 2012, the long Easter weekend (Bad Saturday follows Good Friday?), I managed to pull a tendon out of place in my left shoulder, separate the two bones in my left forearm, the ulna and the radius, mess up both my left wrist and elbow and do some minor damage around the shoulder blade to my neck. I am now looking at months of healing which includes physiotherapy, keeping my shoulder taped up, both my wrist and elbow strapped and some support tapes on my left leg. I?m writing this as of week number seven. While I have now been back to work full days, my walking remains uncomfortable to the point where I restrict walking to going to my job and getting groceries. Taking a stroll around the block is still out of the question as it puts pressure on my upper body and my left shoulder doesn?t like it. Oh yeah, I am typing all this pretty much with one hand, my right hand.

I have said that if anybody could return me to the good health of Good Friday, just before Bad Saturday, I would pay them a grand. Oh hell, I'd pay them ten grand. My entire life has pretty much come to a dead halt as my health has become my number one priority and pain management has been my overriding concern.

And what was the cause of the worst physical trauma I have suffered in my entire life? Push-ups. If you are like me, it?s at this point your jaw drops and you exclaim, ?What!?!? I?ve been doing push-ups for fifty years. How could this happen?

Doing a push-up means putting the flat of your hand on the floor. When you do that, you bend your hand back stretching the tendons in your wrist. Sometimes, in order to make a push-up a little harder, I would do them with my hands closer together. Here we arrive at the perfect storm: a day off, more than the usual number of sets, my age and the accumulation of time. However, while this part of the story is startling, what comes after turns out to be perplexing.

I had what I thought to be a good Saturday: lots of exercise done in sets throughout the day, clean the apartment, get groceries, catch up on some private matters with email, blogging and such. On Sunday, I felt some pain but thought slashed hope this was due to "muscle burn", the good type of sore you get after working out. On Monday, I knew I had done something; I knew I had hurt myself. The shooting pain in my forearm was very reminiscent of the RSI (repetitive strain injury) I had suffered about 7 years ago so I immediately thought this was the same thing. I visited my doctor and he tested me. I could move my left arm in any one of a number of positions he instructed me to and I never felt any pain specifically from these movements. Nevertheless, I was feeling this throbbing pain in my forearm and the occasional tingling in my fingers. The two of us discussed RSI and he concurred that it seemed to be the likely cause. The conclusion was to proceed as I did before: don't use the arm and stick with just the right hand to do all computer work.

In retrospect, it's at this point my judgement was not just off but clouded by pain. I had concluded I would have to be patient, grit my teeth and try to ignore the pain and let my body heal. Pain though had turned into a 24 hour a day chore. While manageable with ibuprofen, it was pretty much constant. Usually sitting at home and not moving around lessened the discomfort which at times gave me the wrong idea I was getting better.

Over a four week period, I went back to visit my doctor a total of three times. Each time the conclusion was the same. I could move my arm around without any pain however I was constantly feeling pain. Okay, not excruciating pain but more of the dull background throbbing type punctuated by moments of sharp pain in my forearm. What was the cause? Other than patience and ibuprofen, my only other medication was a mild anti-inflammatory drug. During this time, I didn't do very much at all. While I did my job, sort of, I was expending all of my energy dealing with pain. I had the attention span of a mayfly as I would sit at home at my work desk for a few minutes then stand up to pace while holding my arm and saying, "Ow! Ow! Ow!"

In week four, I decided to work from home all week to further convalesce by not moving around too much. I had noted that walking exacerbated the pain.

And so, on the Friday, feeling a little better, I decided to wash my duvet and sweep out my apartment. As I said, I didn't do much of anything for 4 weeks. These simple tasks did involve me using my left arm to some extent and I ended up paying for it with the weekend from hell. Pain shot up and my suspicions, which had been growing for over a week, seem to be true. This wasn't RSI; I had done something to myself more dramatic but what?

That Monday, I woke up at 4am in excruciating pain. I saw my doctor at 11am and he sent me for an x-ray. Now the idea was to discover whether or not I had a pinched nerve in my neck but we still seemed to be working from the idea this was RSI. With the x-ray done, I went back to the office however with a certain desperation to ask everyone and try anything to get to the bottom of this mysterious pain.

A colleague recommended a kinesiologist slash sports medicine specialist saying he was something of a miracle worker. I may have been sceptical but at this stage I was so desperate, I would have tried a shaman.

Within five minutes, this gentleman seemed to know exactly what my problem was. However and here is the part that stunned me, he didn't just tell me a theory, he actually demonstrated he was right.

Landon gave me some strength tests. This involved putting my arm in various positions and he would push against my arm asking me to resist. He tested my left and right arms and I could easily feel how my left was very weak in comparison with my right.

First off, he told me about the tendon in my shoulder that connects to the bicep in the arm and that it was out of place. Digging into my shoulder, he told me to hold my breath then he pulled. Oddly enough, I didn't feel any pain. He retested my strength by asking me to hold my arm straight out but behind me at a 45 degree angle then resist as he pushed down. My strength had shot up a thousand percent. Oh my God, reseating the tendon in the proper place in the shoulder had put the working of my arm almost back to normal.

He examined my forearm and explained the separation of the ulna and the radius and the impact of this injury on the elbow and the wrist. Borrowing a chiropractic technique, he used a spring-loaded device called an activator on my elbow and wrist. He held this little gadget against each of my joints and pulled the handle. This tensed a spring which then released suddenly and gave a small but noticeable jolt to my joints. Apparently this movement repeated six or seven times, can literally jiggle the bones to get them back into their proper position.

I have little or no experience or knowledge about sports injuries or medicine in general; I have "suffered" from outstanding good health all my life. My questioning of this kinesiologist told me that while the human body is capable of all sorts of healing, some traumas it can't correct and instead, begins to adjust to them. The body can't reseat a bone so it will adjust to the bone being out of place.

Once again, the kinesiologist tested my strength. He asked me to hold my thumb and my pinkie together and he tried to separate them. Once again, I could feel my strength had shot up a thousand percent. I was flabbergasted.

As he laid out my plan of recovery strapping up my elbow and my wrist and printing out instructions for some isometrics exercises, I was upset at having wasted 4 weeks doing nothing because of an incorrect diagnosis for which I was in part responsible. I wondered just what I would have done if I had not had the good fortune of a colleague at work recommending this gentleman. How long would I have been running around looking for the answer to my dilemma? Because I had wasted 4 weeks, because I had run around for four weeks with things out of place, I wanted to be double sure; no triple sure, I was properly managing my recovery and so immediately booked to come back to this physio clinic on an almost daily basis.

Pinched Nerve: 24 hours of sheer, utter hell
While the above injuries were enough, it would seem the injuries extended into my shoulder all the way to my neck. This caused inflammation and the conjecture was that the pain I was feeling wasn't necessarily from my injuries per se but from a slightly pinched nerve in my neck. (Landon proved this by having me put my neck into certain positions and noting how the tingling in my left fingers increased.) One day after seeing the kinesiologist, my four weeks of neglect or misdiagnosis came to a head with 24 hours of absolute hell. For some inexplicable reason, my level of pain went through the roof. I spent the entire night pacing up and down in my apartment holding my arm and going, "Ow! Ow! Ow!" I would have gone to emergency but after calling a health service hot line, I realised there was nobody to deal with the cause of my problem. I'd sit around for hours waiting for help and in the end, somebody would merely fill me full of pain medication. Consequently, I waited it out until the following day so I could see somebody who was capable of doing something.

Question: How do you know you're really sick?

Answer: You're not bored.

Yep, you've got your head stuck in the toilet or your level of agony is nine point five on the Richter scale and you are not in the least bit thinking of watching TV, reading a book or looking at a magazine. Your brain is completely overwhelmed by messages coming in from all parts of your body saying, "I'm not happy" and it hasn't got a single second to be thinking, "There's nothing to do. I'm bored."

At 9am, I started making phone calls. Keep in mind that I am in so much pain; I am desperate to try anything to alleviate my suffering. I had heard over the years of those who suffer from chronic pain and I began to wonder how they could possibly function at all. The pain is so distracting, you can't think. I still wonder how I managed to patiently converse with anyone while the voice in my head was screaming, "Gee-sus H kay rist!!!" If somebody had told me I would live the rest of my life with that level of chronic pain, I would have told them to shoot me on the spot.

At 10:15am, I spent an hour with a physiotherapist. I'm sure she is a nice lady but I went in with a level of pain of 85 out of a hundred and walked out with a level of pain of 85 out of a hundred. Massaging my shoulders, putting electrodes on my neck and acupuncture were all curious techniques for supposedly reducing pain but they didn't work one iota. While she massaged my neck I told her that under different circumstances, what she was doing would be pleasant but she wasn't doing anything to alleviate my suffering.

At 1pm I visited my family doctor. After telling him of what the kinesiologist had said and done and how the level of pain was off the charts, he managed to immediately get me an hour with a chiropractor. While this gentleman's technique was different, I walked out of the session with the same level of pain.

Conversations I had later with other people gave me some insight into how the body deals with pain. The brain can literally be overwhelmed by pain and shut it down. I began to wonder if the reason why I ofttimes thought I was feeling better as the day wore on wasn't because the pain went down but because my brain progressively shut it out.

Conversations I had later led me to believe I had overlooked the technique of icing my neck and shoulder to reduce inflammation. Surrounding tissues can put pressure on the nerve fibres and cause all sorts of pain. However, what's odd about this so-called pinched nerve is that you may not feel the pain where the nerve is actually pinched but elsewhere in the body. As I said, putting my neck in certain positions would increase the tingling in the fingers of my left hand.

Self-diagnosis: I'm an idiot
Because all my symptoms were very reminiscent of RSI (repetitive strain injury), I thought that's what I had. Because I could actually move my arm around without pain, I didn't think and my doctor didn't think there was anything else wrong. How influential was I in convincing my family doctor to go with a diagnosis of RSI instead of looking further?

Now that I've talked with the kinesiologist, I am now wondering if this RSI of 7 years ago wasn't RSI but an injury similar to this one. Over the past weeks, I have experienced some aches and pains in my right arm which makes me think I have probably injured my right arm but to a far lesser extent. After all, I am right handed and my right arm is stronger than my left so it stands to reason if anything was going to go first it would be the weaker arm, my left. I had the kinesiologist examine my right arm but he couldn't come to a definitive conclusion.

What if my colleague had not told me of this kinesiologist?
I don't want to think about this. I have no idea how much I would have bounced around from one expert to another before anybody managed to zero in on the actual problem. My family doctor didn't clue in. A physiotherapist didn't seem conversant with my problem. The chiropractor focused on what "he" thought was the issue. Only this kinesiologist, one expert out of four, immediately grasped what the cause of the problem was and had a plan of action. Why?

A discussion with my colleague revealed that this kinesiologist used to work in sports. He worked with professional athletes where injury meant doing what's necessary from a practical point of view to get them back in the game as quickly as possible. While I use the term kinesiologist, my colleague said this guy has borrowed from different sources: a little chiropractic technique, some physiotherapy and yes, kinesiology. He searches for the cause of the problem rather than focusing on the effect.

Lessons Learned
What have I gotten out of this so far? I have discussed what happened with several people. I have talked with others who have visited this kinesiologist. I have talked about the idea of each of us dealing with our own health.

Health is everything
The old adage is true. Without health you have nothing, absolutely nothing. It doesn't matter if you've got wealth, fame or success. Without health you can't enjoy anything even the simple things like taking a walk around the block. (I miss that.)

The buck stops here: I am responsible for me
I am the consumer. I must educate myself so I know what's going on. If I want to buy a car, I cannot, I should not rely on somebody else to make the decision for me. I must study cars in general, the various brands specifically and inform myself of all associated issues like warranty, service and financing.

The same is true for health care. I must become informed and knowledgeable. I must be prepared to intelligently discuss my health with a professional and I should not blindly accept whatever they may say. If I don't like the level of service for my car, I need to take it to another garage.

Family doctor = pain management
My doctor is a generalist; he is not a specialist. I would hope that his generalised knowledge would see him sending me off to the appropriate specialist for a more in-depth analysis but if I realise that pain management is probably his frontline defence against health issues, I may find myself masking the cause of my problem as opposed to finding it.

I must push but in order to push, I must be knowledgeable. Every year, I have an annual physical and cover the broader issues (see references below): my prostate and the dreaded DRE, a regular colonoscopy, macular degeneration and lutein supplements, Vitamin D, focal dystonia, diet, etc. I have now decided to make regular visits to this kinesiologist and his physiotherapy clinic for a different perspective on my physical health and my exercise routines.

The thigh bone is connected to the hip bone
During one of my visits to the clinic, I started asking questions about everything and one of the physiotherapists, Isaac got to talking about me jogging. We did some strength tests with me standing in various positions. He noticed my left arm was weak when I stood with my left foot forward.

Isaac discovered I had a bone out of place in my left ankle. He got it back in place and retested my strength. I could feel my strength shoot up a thousand percent. Amazing. This returns to the idea that if the body can't "fix" something, it will adjust to the injury but here injury doesn't necessarily mean something completely debilitating. For several years I had noted that during jogging I would something get a "kink" in my left ankle. I would have the same feeling you get when you misstep and twist your ankle, like you had sprained it. However, if I slowed down jogging, shook my foot and moved it around in a circular motion, I could always make the feeling go away. In other words, I hadn't really sprained my ankle; it was merely a temporary feeling of having sprained my ankle. Now I'm wondering if this was caused by this out of place bone in my ankle.

Push-ups
I'm not twenty years old. We may debate if I can take the same punishment and whether I can heal as fast or even if I am as flexible and limber. Whatever the case, this is a wake-up call to not blindly continue to do what I may have been doing without a problem out of dumb luck.

Landon's suggestion was for me to get push-up bars. This device consists of an upside down U. The two ends go on the floor and I grab a hold of the cross piece. This way my wrist in kept in alignment with my forearm and I am not bending my hand back stretching the tendon in my wrist. As soon as I am better and can attempt a push-up, I am certainly investing in that. A push-up is a wonderful exercise and I would hate to give them up.

Final Word
Get up. Have a coffee. Plan my day: work, jogging, exercise, get groceries, go to the movies, think about what to do during the summer, think about what to do for vacation. In other words, get on with the rest of my life.

Get up. Wince. Take an ibuprofen. Have a coffee. Take an anti-inflammatory drug. Strap up the wrist. Strap up the elbow. Check the bandages on the shoulder and the leg; replace if necessary. Plan my day: move as little as possible. Try to be responsible enough to do a few isometric exercises. Realise groceries are low and start gritting my teeth about having to walk the six blocks, yes the six measly blocks, to the store. Other than physiotherapy and possibly work, I do not leave my apartment as it is still uncomfortable to walk. Besides, after a half block the fingers of my left hand start tingling and my forearm aches so I must hold my arm up in an odd position against my chest to reduce the pain. In other words, life has come to a dead halt. Life has become about health. Life is focused on healing.

There is no doubt about it; this is the worst physical trauma I have experienced in my life. Things are just humming along hunky dory when poof! It is all taken away in the twinkling of an eye. This is the end of week number seven and I am no longer taking ibuprofen on a regular basis. I am creaking around but instead of pain per se, I am feeling discomfort. Although I must be careful to not jump the gun. Once in a while a sudden twist or turn pulls something, causes some pain and makes me wince. I have managed to return to work but I am moving slowly. A week ago I did walk a mile to see the move The Avengers but other than groceries, the doctor and physio, that's the farthest I've gone for any recreational activity in 7 weeks.

Am I lucky? There are so many questions to be answered. How long this will take to heal? Will the tingling in my fingers eventually disappear altogether? Do I have nerve damage? Will I be able to get back to the level of physical fitness I had before? Am I lucky? I once knew a guy whose car was broadsided. He spent two years in a body cast. Two years!!!

I have already consulted with this kinesiologist about my entire exercise routine. I can't afford to have my life stop dead in its tracks! I don't want to ever again make such a horrible mistake and have to pay for it in weeks or months. I am going to agonize over what I did or didn't do to cause this problem. I am going to agonize over what I did or didn't do to properly handle this problem. Whatever the case, I am certainly going to do my utmost to ensure this never happens again.

Health is truly everything.

References

Wikipedia: Perfect Storm
A "perfect storm" is an expression that describes an event where a rare combination of circumstances will aggravate a situation drastically. The term is also used to describe an actual phemonenon that happens to occur in such a confluence, resulting in an event of unusual magnitude.

Wikipedia: Pinched Nerve
A pinched nerve occurs when pressure is placed on a nerve, usually from swelling due to an injury or pregnancy. Nerve damage or pinched nerves are usually accompanied by pain, numbness, weakness, or paralysis. Patients may feel these symptoms in areas far from the actual site of damage, a phenomenon called referred pain. Referred pain occurs because when a nerve is damaged, signalling is defective from all parts of the area from which the nerve receives input, not just the site of the damage.

Wikipedia: Push-up
A push-up, or in British English a press-up, is a common calisthenics exercise performed in a prone position by raising and lowering the body using the arms. Push-ups exercise the pectoral muscles, triceps, and anterior deltoids, with ancillary benefits to the rest of the deltoids, serratus anterior, coracobrachialis and the midsection as a whole. Push-ups are a basic exercise used in civilian athletic training or physical education and commonly in military physical training.

Wikipedia: Knuckle push-ups
Another variation is to perform pushups on the knuckles of the fist, rather than with palms of the hands on the floor. This method is also commonly used in martial arts, such as Karate and Tae Kwon Do, and may be used in boxing training while wearing boxing gloves.

The intent, in addition to building strength and conditioning, is to toughen the knuckles, wrist, and forearm in the punching position. This variation also reduces the amount of strain in the wrist, compared to the typical "palms on floor" approach, and so it is sometimes used by those with wrist injuries. Such practitioners will usually perform their knuckle pushups on a padded floor or a rolled-up towel, unlike martial artists, who may do bare-knuckle pushups on hard floors.

Wikipedia: Activator technique
The Activator Method Chiropractic Technique is a chiropractic treatment method and device created by Dr. Arlan W. Fuhr as an alternative to manual manipulation of the spine and extremities. The device is categorized as a mechanical force manual assisted (MFMA) instrument which is generally regarded as a low-force chiropractic treatment technique. Activator Methods International, Ltd. (AMI) has been providing chiropractic care, resources and training since 1967. Founded on the principles of clinical research, AMI?s major contribution to chiropractic care is discovery and development of the Activator Method Chiropractic Technique and the associated Activator Adjusting Instruments.

Ya gotta take care of yourself!
Living alone: the dangers of RSI
Jack Layton and Our Prostates
Gettin' old, man boobs and Vladimir Putin
An apple a day keeps the doctor at bay
Don't worry, be happy. You'll be healthier and live longer.
Codependency: we're in this together
Aspirin: good for what doesn't ail you
Vitamin D: the sunshine vitamin
Barb Tarbox (and my mother): bigger warnings on cigarettes
Macular Degenration: a problem I can't see
Where the sun don't shine: my colonoscopy
My Prostate: something near and dear to me
F*** Cancer
Living alone: the dangers of BPPV
Focal Dystonia: focal what?
Run for your lives! Literally.
Alcoholism: I'll drink to that!
Hot Dogs: Worth their weight in salt... literally!

2012-05-27


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Health insurance for visitors - HEALTH, BEAUTY & FITNESS

health insurance for visitorsIf you? re searching for an inexpensive health insurance plan which will help much you when it? s needed probably the most, then you definitely should certainly see what this site offers. The typical medical costs without health insurance coverage have grown to be obsolete nowadays because of mainly the touching high medical costs. Getting medical insurance policy for visitors unemployed, hospital medicare insurance and affordable medical health insurance is simple. 2. Treatment could be costly if an individual doesn? t have private medical health insurance with mental coverage of health. States has constantly decreased taxes and elevated nyu deficits. Youthful adult with diabetes will have the ability to remain on their parents insurance until age 26. Today, despite the fact that the web pages from the catalog are actually electronic, Puritan? s Pride remains in keeping with its original commitment of supplying the very best at a lower price. Many people may not conscious of such programs, however nowadays may be the best time for you to consider about being a Licensed Medical Assistant, Physical Rehabilitation Assistant, Emergency Medical Specialist, Medical Laboratory Specialist, Dental Assistant, Licensed Cna and much more. Services CMHCs provide services that address both biological and psychosocial factors connected with mental illness. Regardless if you are an individual or possess a large family, you are able to get cheap medical health insurance by online shopping. Perform some weight lifting, for example dumbells or weight machines every second day in your workout. To be able to obtain the wheels moving, it? s important to obtain a physician to aid your demand for surgery. Safety. The second reason is via reducing tax liability. You will find huge numbers of people of any age searching permanently advice, items, health advice, minerals and vitamins, etc. What type of insurance advantages does jasmine eco- friendly tea offer? Improve breast health for ladies. digestive tract healthy. Because of the vague language from the bill, it seems insurance La Raza and also the health insurance for visitors Congressional Hispanic Caucus has much better influence over law makers compared to United states citizens. You will find just many people who, once they get nervous, start creating a for stomach pain and the necessity to relieve their bowels within the toilet turns into a fight for control. Terraboost using its hands sanitizer, not just encourages healthy habits among people but additionally give a lucrative platform for marketers to advertise their nyu health insurance brand through our hands cleaning display platform. It? s not smart to create such type of mistake because selecting the best medical health insurance plan? s important to your familys all around health. The doctors provide the best service to ensure that patients can return to their normal existence. Apollo Munich, a personal health insurance provider in India, provides comprehensive plans that provide coverage for curative and preventive health care needs. 6) Consider offering to pay your nanny for any certain amount of cash every month health insurance for visitors that they stays on healthcare. Always talk to your physician prior to starting a workout program. This instruction is compounded with a final thesis and internships made to allow students to place theory into practice. 5- minute screening is anonymous and totally free. Bizarre Mental Health Problems Tarantism As bizarre mental health problems go, tarantism is among the more entertaining ones, literally. This kind f insurance does nt require referral frm th primary physician nd enables th individual t see wide selection f specialists frm n hospital wthn th recommendations. health Most of the therapeutic emergency, control of hospital room, the doctor? s bill, pills and connected health services will come to be considered a massive sum.

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The hotly contested healthcare reform bill has transpired home of Reps. Insurance deductibles are instrumental in lowering the premium amount and for that reason This lens also will not make any warranties about a information available on this lens, which no liability will accrue towards the lens owner You will find numerous various things which will figure out what your monthly medical health insurance is going to be. Whether it? s just Using this plan, the worker might not have to pay for anything up front unless of course she or he would really like additional The Bachelor? s degree prepares graduates to produce, review, and report the financial activities of the organization. Fruits and veggies are recognized to promote

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Sunday 27 May 2012

Why Most of your Facebook Fans Don?t See Any of your Posts

Just like Google, no one knows exactly how Facebook?s algorithm works. But unlike Google where most content gets into the search engine and can be found for years, if no one interacts with your posts on Facebook, they are essentially gone. Once they are off the front page they have essentially disappeared forever. Sure, there?s a chance someone will find and read your old content, but it?s unlikely (get it, unlike -ly?). If someone truly likes you they want to hear from you.

Number of Fans not as Important as Level of Engagement

I?ve seen various figures about what percentage of your Facebook Page fans see your content, but it?s not ever very high. Anything above 10% is pretty good. And the larger your page, the lower the engagement drops.

To find what percentage of engagement your page gets, take the # of likes for your page divided by the number of people ?talking about? it. I wish I knew where I got this chart (help, please comment if you know). Once I got my engagement level in the 80% range for a client but I couldn?t maintain it. It?s consistently around 20%. This is why I rarely delete or ignore fans who post frequently. Instead I thank them and respond (unless they are obscene or vulgar). Think about it ? controversy sells! Every CEO I?ve worked with wants me to squelch the person who posts something negative. I say most of the time, leave it up! Let your fans come to your rescue. Chime in. Find ways to reward engagement from your fans and ways to build loyalty with them.

Interact with Brands you Like on Facebook

The bottom line is if you want to see content from brands you like, you need to share, like or comment on their posts. Otherwise they won?t show up in your newsfeed and you?ll forget all about them. Same goes for the fans of your Page. If you want to see all the brands you or someone else has liked (which is great for understanding your target market) simply type in your username followed by a slash and then ?favorites? like this: https://www.facebook.com/JanetThaeler/favorites Scroll down past interests and you?ll get to all of your likes. I?m not sure why that URL isn?t /likes but not my call.

Go try this on your profile and you?ll see just how many pages you?ve liked but forgot all about. Then go and start interacting so you have a newsfeed full of content from brands and organizations that you really like. It beats having a newsfeed full of drama from your high school friends!

An Effective Way to Get Higher Engagement

What I?ve found most effective (besides large giveaways) for engagement on Facebook and Pinterest (link goes to my Pinterest for Business blog) are quotes that relate to your brand. My client?s page attracted people who want a quick pick me up that will make them feel good and inspire them in their faith. I started out simply typing in a daily quote.? Next I graduated to making quotes into graphics. That really enhanced the numbers of shares, likes and comments.

My best posts have a short question relating to the image and a killer image with a quote. Not too crafty and not too plain. In other words they like quotes that have background images over just text on a colored background. If I keep it short, the quotes also make ideal tweets (I have them tweeted automatically using Hootsuite). Then I use the same quotes in blog posts to get maximum search engine value and I pin the quotes on Pinterest. That?s a lot of bang for my buck!

P.S. I?m always looking for a tool to make quotes where I can add my own image and have choices of fonts and sizes. Let me know if you know of any.

Not All Interactions are Equal

When it comes to Facebook, not all interactions are equal. The share is king because it says you like something so much you?re willing to put your name on it and let your friends know.? These are usually very informative, timely or funny posts. Next important is a comment because that takes more effort than just clicking like (easy). The time of day you post something on Facebook is another factor because then more people will see it. Sound complex for a small business to pull all of this off well? That?s why there?s a rise in social media experts. It?s a lot to keep up with and do well! I invest a lot of time staying current and testing for that very reason.

Support the Brands you Love by Interacting with Them on Facebook and in Real Life

Think of this principle in real life. The longer and more often you ?engage? with a store (visit, go inside, talk to the owner or salesperson), the more likely you are to buy from them.? If you simply drive by it frequently it?s not going to help. Example: your local bookstore. You might be glad it?s there. It may add a lot to your community. It has character. People gather there. They bring in authors and have live performances. You really like them. But if you never make time to visit or buy books and instead order all of your books from Amazon.com what will happen to your local bookstore? Yes, exactly what is happening all over America. That bookstore will close. Either that or it will struggle. That?s why I?m willing to spend more to keep places I like in business and why I?m bugged when people only buy what is least expensive (they?re cheap). I?d rather not have a world full of asphalt, chain stores and Walmart!

So on Facebook if you truly like a brand show them! Go out of your way to comment and share their content. It?s a win/win for both.

Learn more about EdgeRank

In the meantime, here?s an awesome infographic with insights on how to rock your Facebook fans (link goes to original post about the infographic):

?

Leave a Reply

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Saturday 26 May 2012

Free business health check service for retail businesses | Tower Blog

For years Tower Systems has offered a free retail business health check service to retailers using its Point of Sale software. This service provides an independent perspective of the performance of the business and how the software is being used in the business.

In addition to suggestions on business growth opportunities reflected in the business data, the retail business health check considers efficiency opportunities ? to help retailers using the Tower software to get more from their IT investment.

Tower is well positioned to provide this advice and share the insights because of its many years owning and operating hits won retail businesses.

There has been a surge in 2012 in retailers wanting to participate in the retail business health check service thanks to good word of mouth from others who have engaged.

All information provided by and to participating retailers is confidential.

This is customer service beyond what us usual for a Point of Sale software company. It takes the relationship between Tower Systems and participating retail businesses to a new level, delivering a value from the relationship way beyond the traditional software help desk relationship. The results of the service alone can free cash and or drive revenue to easily pay for the entire system investment.

Tower Systems is very proud of the point of difference of the free retail business health check service.

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England look for feel-good factor in Euro warm-up

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Audyssey Audio Dock Air


Last year brought us the first AirPlay speaker systems?speaker docks that stream audio wirelessly from Apple iOS products and some computers via a Wi-Fi signal. After the Editors' Choice Bowers & Wilkins Zeppelin Air ($599.95, 4 stars) debuted Apple's integrated streaming audio technology, only a few offerings have actually been released. Joining the Zeppelin Air and the significantly less successful JBL On Air Wireless ($349.95, 2.5 stars) is the Audyssey Audio Dock Air, at $399.99 (direct). Deep bass lovers will enjoy the exaggerated low-end response of the Audyssey Dock; audiophiles will want to steer clear. Unfortunately, the dock suffers from some stream interruption issues that no one will enjoy, and this knocks its rating down a bit. An iOS update was supposed to fix these problems, but unfortunately they seem to still plague the dock.

Editors' Note (5/23/12): We retested the Audyssey to see if it's streaming problems would be solved with the latest version of iOS, and we encountered the same issues?despite seeing improvements on other speaker systems like the Klipsch Gallery G-17 Air. The rating remains the same.?

Design
Measuring 8.3 by 4.8 by 8.5 inches (HWD), the Audyssey Audio Dock ?resembles an upright square. Like most AirPlay docks, it has very few buttons and uses black felt to cover its drivers. It's almost as if Apple has specific design rules for AirPlay docks, so that they will all resemble a family of Apple-esque products. (If you detect sarcasm, it's because, in all likelihood, Apple is very much involved in the streamlined designs of all of these docks). The unadorned black felt speaker panels face in opposite directions, spreading the reach of the audio, for sure, but not necessarily increasing the width of the stereo field much, since both left and right channels originate from essentially the same spot once you're a foot or so away. That said, the opposite directions of the speakers can benefit from reflections off of walls in your room, and that can certainly have an effect on your perception of the stereo image, although it may not be one audio engineers will be pleased with?more on that in a bit. A matte black plastic band separates the two speaker panels. On the back end of the band, there's a connection for the included power supply, as well as a Pairing button (for initial setup) and a 3.5mm Aux input. The band's front side has a 3.5mm headphone jack, while the top panel houses a Volume control dial and two LEDs that indicate when the unit is powered up and when it is connected for AirPlay. The system ships with a 3.5mm audio cable for connecting devices to the Aux input.

Performance
Setting up the Audio Dock Air is not difficult, as the instructions are simple and laid out explicitly in the included manual. You will need a Wi-Fi connection, however, and a bit of patience, as the pairing process between devices, and the connection process to the Wi-Fi signal itself, can take a few minutes. Once complete, you are able to stream from any PC or Mac with a recent version of iTunes (beyond 10.1), and any iOS device (iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch).

AirPlay's sound quality is actually pretty impressive, with strong bass performance. The Audio Air Dock only adds to the bass experience; Even at low-to-moderate volumes, one might say it sounds "thunderous." As you boost the volume louder and louder, however, the bass signal becomes more and more compressed. Why does Audyssey do this? Well, first off, it's a process often referred to as Digital Signal Processing (DSP), and Audyssey is not alone in employing it. Bowers & Wilkins has utilized some signal processing on its consumer line as well. The basic goal is to eliminate any distortion or possibility of blowing a speaker. Deep bass frequencies at high volumes are usually the culprit when speakers distort, so the signal processing basically limits the volume of the bass as you raise the system's overall volume. At maximum volume on Bowers & Wilkins' PC speaker set, the MM-1 ($499.95, 4 stars), this ends up sounding like some serious dynamic compression, where the range of transient sounds like drum hits are squashed lower to be roughly the same volume as everything else in the mix. You've heard this before when a loud song comes on the radio and suddenly the overall volume of the song seems to dip as the heavily distorted guitars kick in.

On the Audio Dock Air speakers, however, this processing is quite noticeable, primarily because at lower-to-mid volume settings, the bass is already so boosted, that when you raise the volume high, it sounds like you're listening to a different speaker system because the bass frequencies have been so dramatically cut to prevent distortion. The good news is, this system sounds excellent?for bass enthusiasts, at least?at moderate volumes. Even when it's not really that loud, it feels loud. The bad news is, when you blast it, the signal processing steals some of the bass thunder and squashes the overall signal pretty intensely. Simply put, if you're into deep bass and listening at moderate levels, this system won't disappoint you sonically. It never really distorts, even on deep bass tracks at maximum volume, but the processing is intense enough that it can sound as if it's about to distort?a common characteristic of signal limiting at its most extreme.

Because of the placement of the speakers at opposite sides of the dock, projecting in opposite directions, the stereo image is altered a bit in a way that casual listening may not suffer from, but one channel will often appear louder than the other. Simply put, it definitely helps fill the room with sound, but this is not how records are mixed.

Of course, as I mentioned earlier, I actually like the audio performance enough that it would have had a higher rating. Not every system needs to be made for audiophiles craving flat response?there's room enough in the world for those of you who really dig thumping bass. The Audio Dock Air is made with these listeners in mind, and it brings an extra bottom end to everything from hip hop and rock to even classical music, making the lower strings in John Adams' "The Chairman Dances" sound downright ominous and intense. But we have a different issue to deal with.

Tested on a home Wi-Fi network that regularly streams audio, via AirPlay, from a iPhone and a laptop to a stereo receiver with an AirPort express connected to it, the Audio Dock Air fared differently than the aforementioned setup. This is possibly because the AirPort Express uses 802.11n wireless signal, while Apple's AirPlay and the docks that have it built-in use 802.11g. Where the AirPort Express only seems to stutter when its sound source gets out of range?say, you take your iPhone too far into the kitchen, away from the router?the Audio Dock Air stutters more often, even, at times, in close proximity to the router and the sound source. Often, the stuttering seems to occur when the Wi-Fi network performs routine tasks at the same time?say, sending an email or loading a webpage while streaming music. Occasionally, the stream would halt altogether, and the system would need to be rebooted or the phone disconnected and reconnected to the network in order to re-pair the device with the speakers. The recent Klipsch Gallery G-17 Air ($549.99, 4 stars), another AirPlay speaker dock, also suffered from the same streaming issues, but an iOS update seems to have resolved those issues on the G-17 while they remain very present on the Audyssey dock.

When you plug your device into the aux input directly, the Audyssey system offers up a bass lover's dream, but as a streaming system, it's got some issues to iron out. If you'd rather go the Bluetooth route, check out the fantastic JBL OnBeat Xtreme ($499.95, 4.5 stars), which appears as an AirPlay device on iOS devices despite using Bluetooth, and the portable Bose SoundLink Wireless Mobile Speaker ($299.95, 4 stars), both of them Editors' Choice winners for wireless speaker systems.

More Speaker reviews:
??? M-Audio BX5 D2
??? Audyssey Audio Dock Air
??? NHT SuperPower (With PVC-PC)
??? iHome iC3 Android Speaker Dock
??? Jawbone Big Jambox
?? more

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Thursday 24 May 2012

Germany's Sinn: an economist with a mission

MUNICH (Reuters) - Germany's best known economist Hans-Werner Sinn wanted to become a missionary as a teenager. His wife believes he is one.

The president of the influential Ifo think tank has been advocating for Greece's exit from the euro zone in newspapers and talk shows for two years, convinced this is the only way for the debt-laden country to avoid economic disaster and for Germany to stop pouring money into a black hole.

Policymakers in Berlin do not act on all of his advice. But he has had huge influence on the tone of the euro zone crisis debate in the bloc's biggest member and paymaster.

Sinn, whose name means "sense" in German, believes he has a duty to explain complex realities to voters in layman terms and lay out the best policies from an economic viewpoint, free from ideological bias.

"I am an economist by heart, I have a political mind and I want to improve the world," he said in an interview in the neo-classical villa in Munich that houses Ifo.

"Over the years I have learned that you cannot talk to politicians and tell them what to do," said Sinn, instantly recognizable by the silver Amish-like beard he grew as a student and that his wife insists he keeps.

"You have to talk to the voters. People need to learn, to access informed discourse about the crucial issues."

Sinn has built a reputation as a serious academic with complex papers to his name, but it is with bestsellers such as "Casino Capitalism", which explains the global financial crisis, and his media-savvy, plain-speaking economic commentary that he has become a leading public figure.

British daily The Independent dubbed Sinn, who worked as a taxi-driver to fund his studies, one of the "ten people who changed the world" for providing what many have sorely failed to: clear analysis of the crisis free from mind-boggling jargon.

Former ECB President Jean-Claude Trichet describes "Casino Capitalism", which aims to "help create a better and more stable financial system" and has sold more than 25,000 copies, as "one of the best books I've seen on the financial crisis."

"It should be economists' duty to translate economic insights into a language the normal citizen can understand," said Sinn's wife Gerlinde, who met him as a fellow student at Muenster University in the 1960s and who also teaches economics.

It was Gerlinde who, when Sinn recently wistfully recalled his desire as a 14-year old to become a missionary, exclaimed enthusiastically "But Hans-Werner, you are one!" She fell for him in part due to his insistence on speaking his mind.

But critics say that while Sinn's eagerness to appeal to a broad audience helps to raise awareness of economic issues, he runs the danger of over-simplifying and polarizing complex issues, using metaphors that are gripping but not strictly accurate.

For example, Sinn's criticism of the euro zone's cross-border payment system, which has allowed Greece and other debt-strained European states to build up a huge tab at Germany's Bundesbank, has prompted a fractious public debate.

"He says it means we have given the printing press to the Italians while money is being shredded in Germany, and that of course makes Germany very angry," said Peter Bofinger, a long-standing academic rival of Sinn. "But it's completely wrong, target balances have nothing to do with printing money in Italy."

"Nobody in the wider public understands finances and in order to get attention, he uses a metaphor which is very appealing to the German mind but this can be dangerous," said Bofinger, a member of the "wise men" council of economic advisers to the German government.

Nonetheless, some believe it was Sinn's incessant campaign to raise awareness of "Target 2" payment system risks that led the ECB to focus on the issue.

French President Francois Hollande was expected to lead a push to promote the idea of metalized European debt at an informal summit in Brussels on Wednesday, a proposal Germany opposes and Sinn says would destroy the euro zone by getting rid of any incentives to curb indebtedness.

THE SINN FACTORY

Sinn, who grew up in a village near Bielefeld in the west German countryside, was briefly a member of the centre-left Social Democrats and a "moderate rebel" during the 1968 student protest movement before renouncing any political affiliation.

While he aims to influence policy, he never wanted to go into politics himself. "I don't like to be forced to argue in a particular direction...I just want to say how things are".

Sinn moved with his wife and three children to the southern German city of Munich in 1985 to take up his post at the prestigious LMU university, and he has stayed there ever since.

The star economist, who has come to feel Bavarian and dons Lederhosen and a felt hat each year to Munich's Oktoberfest beer festival, says he received many offers from top institutions elsewhere but the counter-offers were too attractive to move on.

He was given the funds to create his own economic research institute CES in 1991, and in 1999 he also became head of Ifo, a think-tank bridging research and policy which publishes Europe's most closely-watched economic indicator, the Ifo business climate index.

Over the years, Sinn has combined the two institutes into CESifo, a formidable force some have dubbed the "Sinn factory", employing some 200 people and churning out surveys and proposals on a vast range of topics from education to entrepreneurship.

"He doesn't need to lecture at the LMU now he is Ifo president but he does it voluntarily because he loves it," said Florian Buck, 28, a PhD student under Sinn's supervision.

Sinn takes his graduate students on three-day trips to the Alps to discuss research in-depth and test out his latest theses before taking them onto talk shows.

"He likes nothing more than if someone else has a different opinion, he really gets excited. He loves exchanging economic arguments and convincing people of his standpoint," Buck said.

Sinn has made a name for himself with provocative theses, some of which have seemed prescient, others less so. In any case, most make their way into the public eye, coining terms like "the bazaar economy" that enter mainstream debate.

Sinn's 2003 book "Can Germany be saved?" advocated proposals on expanding the low wage sector similar to those subsequently implemented under former Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder to help the economy regain competitiveness.

But his thesis that Germany's export success was "pathological", overly reliant on imports and resulting in a "bazaar economy", was more hotly disputed, with other academics arguing the country produces high-end and not bazaar-like goods.

GERMANY'S DR DOOM?

Despite his many seemingly gloomy diagnoses, Sinn did not join New York University professor Nouriel Roubini, dubbed "Dr. Doom", in predicting the financial crisis, although he was warning about lax financial regulation as early as 2001.

And two years ago, he began advocating for Greece to leave the euro zone, an opinion that was taboo back then but is gaining traction in Germany now. He says the case for Portugal to exit the currency bloc is strengthening too.

Sinn compares Greece's situation to that of Germany during the Weimar Republic, when it too had to drastically cut wages and prices, fuelling the rise of the Nazis.

"Austerity programs in the euro zone of this order of magnitude are not possible and should not be demanded," he said, noting that youth unemployment was already over 50 percent. "The alternative, however, cannot be to simply fund Greece forever."

"If you take everything together - the public rescue programs, the haircut on its debt, and Target credit-, the country has so far received 460 billion euros altogether, equaling 116 Marshall Plans," he said.

"And what have you got to show for it? Nothing, just a catastrophe. How much longer must we go on before politicians understand it is a dead end?"

If Greece left the euro zone, it could return to growth within a year, said Sinn. If not, it will slide into a chronic recession "that could destroy society".

Sinn said there would be contagion for those countries in a similar situation which were not carrying out necessary adjustments, and such market pressure was necessary to keep states fiscally accountable.

Other debt-laden euro zone states such as Spain and France need to follow a strict regime of austerity, exerting downwards pressure on wages and prices, in order to regain the necessary competitiveness for remaining in the common currency bloc.

Germany would have to accept inflation rates about two percent higher than in these countries for about a decade. "To rebalance the trade relationship with Portugal and Greece about twice that differential is required," he added.

MISSION NOT OVER YET

But it's not all doom and gloom for Sinn, whose office is adorned with prints of vibrant paintings by German expressionist Franz Marc as well as an oil painting by his daughter.

He says Germany's bounce back from the shock of reunification provides a model for others. Its economy underwent a period of severe price depreciation in the 1990s and early 2000s but is now considered one of Europe's strongest.

"That was an extremely painful medicine, but one that worked," he said. "For years, Germany had the lowest rate of investment among OECD countries, and the lowest growth rate in both the euro zone and Europe in general. We also had mass unemployment."

"Germany went through its own euro crisis," Sinn said. "It was a period of high tension and social frictions."

Now Germany is booming again, ironically partly due to the debt crisis as German savers and financial institutions do not dare to invest abroad, instead keeping their money at home.

"So we have a building boom - a boom because of the crisis. This boom will self-correct the imbalances in Europe."

Sinn, who recently became a grandfather and whose desk is adorned with framed photographs of his family and esteemed colleagues, has said he will retire in four years time.

But he finds that difficult to imagine: "I like my job and these are important times, so one doesn't want to sneak away."

(Writing by Sarah Marsh; Editing by Noah Barkin and Philippa Fletcher)

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Crisis Communications 102: What to Say and How to Say It | The ...

In the first of our crisis communication series, I outlined the best ways you can prepare your company for a crisis. By now, you should know who to call, where to go, and what to do if you find out about a security leak, you discover a defect with your product, or your co-founder has suddenly gone AWOL.

But, you?re not in the home stretch yet. Knowing what to say?and how to say it?is every bit as important as the steps you take to quell your crisis. With some careful wordsmithing and good old-fashioned open communication, you?ll ensure that your stakeholders, investors, and those beloved journalists are aware of the issue at hand, while remaining as transparent (and still as protected) as possible.

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What to Say

When a crisis hits, it?s important to arm yourself with an all-purpose response, or ?holding statement,? to get you through the initial inquiries from panicked customers or probing journalists who begin kamikaze-calling your team. A simple, generic statement will help reassure your various stakeholders that you are aware of, and addressing, the issue?while buying you time to prepare a full briefing on the situation.

Imagine you ship out several orders of your blood, sweat, and tears-inspired holiday gift baskets, only to learn they arrived at the doorsteps of your new and returning customers with the crumbled remains of hand soap and broken jars of jam. Although you probably feel like you need an explanation from your vendors or delivery company?your customers will be expecting one sooner than that. The first message you draft should be something along the lines of this:

We understand that a few shipments of our holiday gift baskets were found to be damaged upon delivery. We are looking into the cause of this issue and will keep you informed of our progress.

Not exactly the kind of response that gives you the warm and fuzzies, but if you?re on the receiving end it does let you know the company is aware there?s an issue, and likely dissuades you from calling the company directly to ask, ?WTF??

Then, once you?ve gathered the who, what, where, why, and how, draft a more comprehensive statement, which will replace your holding statement. This should address what happened, when it happened, and include an update on the status of the issue. For example:

On Tuesday, December 15, we learned that several shipments of our holiday gift baskets were found to be damaged upon delivery. In quickly investigating the issue, we were able to pinpoint the cause of the problem?an exceptionally turbulent flight?and are working with our transportation providers to ensure that all of our customer orders are fulfilled before the holiday and that this issue will not happen again.

Finally, draft a note to your customers. Keep in mind that anything you say externally?regardless of your intended audience?has the potential to end up in the hands of a journalist, especially if your issue is particularly juicy.

That said, you?ll likely want to add more of a personal touch to your customer note. Here?s an example:

Dear Customer,

Yesterday, we learned that several shipments of our holiday gift baskets contain damaged goods due to an exceptionally turbulent flight they experienced on their way to you.

We are working around-the-clock with our transportation providers and internal teams to ensure your orders are fulfilled prior to the holidays.

At XYZ, we are always looking for ways to better service our customers. We sincerely apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused you, and are working tirelessly to ensure this issue doesn?t happen again.

Should you have any questions, feel free to contact me at molly@xyzcompany.com.

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How to Say It

While it?s tempting to worry about the media?s response first, always make sure your customers are taken care of. Companies who slack on great service do so at their peril?just ask Ocean Marketing about the power of just one neglected customer.

With that in mind, it?s best to be as proactive as possible with your customers (though be prepared to be reactive as well). Pick up the phone or start sending out emails to as many clients as possible. As painful as some of these conversations can be, deferring your calls to voicemail until the dust settles is not advised. When you do speak with clients, be sure to reiterate the same information you have previously released?you want to be consistent with your messaging.

Remember that there?s one thing an email blast can?t quite communicate, and that?s empathy. Be prepared for some angry calls and frustrated customers. In this case, find a way to connect with your customers while expressing both your regret for the issue and instilling confidence that you?re still the same awesome company they?ve come to know and love. For a bit of inspiration, check out the 2011 Customer Service Hall of Fame. Number one on the list? Not surprisingly, it?s Amazon.

For media inquiries, on the other hand, it?s usually best to deliver your statement on a reactive basis (i.e., when a journalist calls you). You?ll already have the messaging prepared from your initial public statements, however, if you?d like to provide a journalist with more context without having your every word quoted all over the Internet that afternoon, you can ask to speak ?on background? (similar to asking to speak ?off the record?). For example, it might be helpful for a reporter to have more color on how many gift baskets were damaged?as in 100, not 100,000?so she isn?t left to assume the severity of any details you haven?t communicated.

As with your customers, treat the media with professionalism and care. They may not purchase your product, but they can write about it, so their experience with you can significantly impact the tone of the story they choose to tell.

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If there?s only one thing to remember about crisis communications, it?s this: Always be as transparent and honest as possible. Companies are often defined by their communication styles?and especially by their communication in crisis situations. The more your team keeps everyone informed with factual and consistent information, the less time you?ll spend fielding calls and fending off the media. And that will let you focus on getting back to business.

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Photo courtesy of ItzaFineDay.

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Dollars and sense: Why are some people morally against tax?

Wednesday, May 23, 2012

As the U.S. presidential election campaigns heat up, the economic debate is dominated by bailouts, austerity and, inevitably, taxation. Now a new study published in Symbolic Interaction asks why tax is such an important issue to voters and explores the moral ideas which underpin their views.

Americans are famously hostile to taxes even though they are not heavily taxed in comparison to Canadians and the British. In their study Dr Jeff Kidder and Dr Isaac Martin, from Northern Illinois University and the University of California-San Diego, explore how middle class feelings of exploitation lie behind this hostility.

"Everyday tax talk among the middle class is not simply part of a wider ideological view about economics or free markets," said Kidder. "Tax talk is morally charged and resonates with how Americans see themselves and their place in society."

The researchers conducted 24 semi-structured, open-ended interviews with taxpayers in the Southern states who owned or managed small businesses to discover how they talk about taxes in everyday life. Entrepreneurs are a demographic group which is typically strongly anti-tax, while the Southern States provide many supporters for the radical Tea Party.

Respondents saw themselves as morally deserving and hard-working people, sandwiched between an economically more powerful group that manipulates the rules for its own benefit and a subordinate group that benefits from government spending but escapes taxation.

"We found that people associate income tax with a violation of the moral principle that hard work should be rewarded," said Kidder. "Our research shows that when Americans lash out at 'takeovers,' 'massive taxes' and 'bailouts,' they are looking at these issues from the perspective of a hard-working middle class besieged on all sides. Tax talk is about dollars, but it is also about a moral sense of what is right."

It is typically believed that those who are anti-tax will also be hostile to government aid for the poor and minorities. However, rich recipients of bailouts were also disparaged as people who did not deserve money because they did not work for it.

"A lot of the tax talk you will hear from politicians this election season makes no sense as arithmetic," Martin said. "But it makes sense as an appeal to the moral sensibilities of small business."

"Our research shows that tax talk is not actually about individual self-interest, but about our respondents' sense of the proper relations among groups," concluded Kidder. "It's a view summed up by one respondent: Don't take my paycheck."

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Wiley-Blackwell: http://www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell

Thanks to Wiley-Blackwell for this article.

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